Saturday, December 28, 2019

Diabetes Is A Major Public Health Problem Worldwide Essay

Diabetes mellitus is a major public-health problem worldwide. Its incidence is increasing rapidly, and by 2030, this number is estimated to almost double.1 The increase in incidence in developing countries follows the trend of urbanization and lifestyle changes. Individuals with T2DM are considered on high priority as they are potential candidates for rapid evaluation to prevent and halt the progression of complications. This study presented descriptive data from a large number of subjects with diabetes type 2 attending the Diabetology OPD of our hospital. Obesity was prevalent in 65% of the representative sample of type 2 diabetes patients. These results are comparable to other studies done in India and abroad. Higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetics with 58.1% of subjects having high BMI was observed in Chennai. 10 Similarly in Gujarat, overweight and obesity in diabetics was even more common observed in 83% of the diabetics. 11 Another study from South Africa revealed 78% of obesity in diabetics. 12 Whereas obesity prevailed among 86% of diabetics attending a hospital diabetic clinic in UK. 13 The higher prevalence of obesity in these subjects may be due to various factors of which diet and sedentary lifestyle being most important. As far as overall dietary status is concerned, 35% of the subjects were consuming excess calories. However in relation to obesity, 61% of the high BMI group was having high calorie diet making dietary calories an importantShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus : A Major Public Health Problem Worldwide Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus has increased in recent years due to bad eating habits and inactivity. Diabetes Mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. Improved testing accuracy has improved which has confirmed more cases. There are two types of diabetes. In this paper I will explain the differences in both types of Diabetes and complications that are commonly associated with this disease, as well as treatment and plan of care for this disease. (American Medical Association) Type I DiabetesRead MoreEssay about Global Health and Diabetes1323 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal health is defined as â€Å"health problems, issues, or concerns that transcend national borders† (Institute of Medicine, 1997, p. 2). Koplan (2009) proposed a new definition for global health which he described as an â€Å"area for study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide† (para, 7). Global health emphasizes transnational health issues, determinants, and solutions from an interdisciplinary perspective and blendsRead MoreFighting the Obesity Epidemic in the UK912 Words   |  4 PagesPublic health aims prevention of health problems before they occur and mainly focuses on population rather than individual (Thorbory, 2009). It also helps to improve the health and well being of individuals, communities and the wider population and prevent from mortality and disability (Nursing Times.net, 2013 ). Prevention such as immunisation and screening, Protection such as safety and protection from abuse and promotion such as health education are the three main approaches of public health (RCNRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Diabetes833 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral years, obesity has become a serious health concern in all around the world, Including the United States; overweight is at least partly responsible for the dramatic increase in diagnoses of type two diabetes (on-set diabetes) among children and adults. Diabesity is the label for diabetes occurring in the context of obesity (McNaughton 71 ). In Diabesity and the stigmatization of lifestyle in Australia we diagnose the correlation between obesity and diabetes; whether one of them is a product of theRead MoreObesity As A Disease Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pages5%) of adults in the United States are obese. Obesity is defined as a weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight. Body Mass Index (BMI) is used as a screening tool for overweight and obesity. According to the World Health Organization, worldwide obesity has nearly doubled since 1980. In 2016, 39% of women and 29% of men over the age of 18 were overweight. Today, around one in five children, ages 6-19 are obese. The obesity epidemic only continues to worsen in the United StatesRead MoreThe Prevalence And Incidence Of Type 2 Diabetes Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesA. Statement of the Problem The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes are increasing worldwide, particularly in devel-oping countries, in conjunction with increased obesity rates and westernization of lifestyle (In-zucchi et al., 2012). The economic burden for health care systems is skyrocketing, owing to the costs associated with treatment and diabetes complications. Type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of cardiovascular disorders, blindness, end-stage renal failure, amputations, and hospitali-zationsRead MoreFactors Affecting Prevalence And Treatment Outcomes Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1005 Words   |  5 Pagesand Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rwanda Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough Insulin (impaired insulin secretion) or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced (insulin resistance) resulting in increased blood glucose (â€Å"Endocrine System.† Internal Medicine Clinical Treatment Guidelines. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health, 2012 ). Symptoms include frequent urination,Read MorePersonal Creativity And The World1062 Words   |  5 Pageshelp create something for themselves and to have an opportunity to express themselves through something they love to do. 2. Reason for choosing the article? The reason for choosing this article was due to it talking about homeless youth, mental health issues, abuse and other things that would cause a young person to go to something that they think would help or be a crutch for them, to allow them to be free and happy. Also, I chose this article because it is something that I could relate to, dueRead MorePreventing Chilhood Obesity : Parenting Programme For Early Years1073 Words   |  5 Pages PUBLIC HEALTH - ASSIGNMENT 2 PREVENTING CHILHOOD OBESITY – PARENTING PROGRAMME FOR EARLY YEARS BACKGROUND Obesity, defined as ‘an excessive amount of body fat relative to body weight’ (Heyward, 2010, p.232) has reached global epidemic proportions and it is the fifth leading risk for global deaths with 2.8 million adults dying every year (World Health Organization, 2013). In addition, worldwide, more than 40 million children under the age of 5 were overweightRead MoreDiabetes Essay789 Words   |  4 Pagescancer and type 2 diabetes and promote good health (Temple 2000; Kwon et al. 2007). Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) are rising rapidly worldwide due to lifestyle and diet chances (Mishra et al. 2017). In North America these diseases disproportionately affect certain indigenous communities, who also have high prevalence of obesity in all age groups and in both sexes (Kwon et al. 2007). Diabetes mellitus (DM), a global public health problem, is a chronic disorder

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Field Of Psychology And Psychology Essay - 2127 Words

In the field of psychology, the possibilities are endless. Advancements in technology have allowed scientists and researchers to take their research development to the next level, and an even more promising future. Within the past century, there has been a growing demand for the need of counseling and mental health support than ever before. Thanks to the determination and skilled research teams around the world, a psychological revolution is shedding light over the darkness of what is mental illness. One of those researchers is Thalia C. Eley, a Professor of Developmental Behavioral Genetics at the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s London College in London, England. Eley specializes in psychology and neuroscience, and is particularly interested in finding new ways in which genetics provide more information towards psychological advancement and theory practice (â€Å"King’s College London†, 2015). Her research findings have provided new insights to psychology by t aking a different approach, and focusing on the molecular level in hopes of finding new treatments and decision making for mental disorders, specifically childhood anxiety and depression. Eley has written over 120 experimental reports and has received numerous awards throughout her years of research, including the Spearman Medal from the British Psychological Society and the Lilly-Molecular Psychiatry Award (â€Å"King’s College London, 2015). In 2011, Eley was also awarded the Macquire University Research Excellence Award forShow MoreRelatedPsychology : The Field Of Psychology980 Words   |  4 Pages The field of Psychology has been an area of study, since Wilhelm Wundt did the first psychology lab in 1879 (McLeod, 2008), and since then we have come a very long way in discovering what makes up human behaviors and mental processes. It is important to learn about the field of psychology, especially in the field of Child and Youth care because, understanding how the brain works and understanding the actions, and or reasoning behind feelings may help with the cognitive therapy of a child in needRead MoreThe Psychology Of The Field Of Psychology959 Words   |  4 Pages What captivated my interest in working within the field of psychology was the joy and sense of accomplishment after aiding another individual in need. Since high school I have been involved in volunteer work assisting individuals by helping them acquire new skills, or becoming a friendly mentor. Throughout the years I learned how to observe others, as in discovering how different a person may react to a certain situa tion, to how they interact within their social groups. Since my volunteer work inRead MoreThe Field of Psychology840 Words   |  3 PagesPsychology is a discipline of social science that encompasses nearly every aspect of the human experience. The field of psychology addresses the entire gamut of human behavior and the complexities of emotion. Issues related to perception and cognition are included in psychological research. Neurobiology and neurophysiology also fall under the rubric of psychology. At the same time, psychology embraces less quantifiable variables in the human experience, such as emotional responses and altered statesRead MoreFields in Psychology1797 Words   |  8 Pages Fields in Psychology | Definition | Abnormal Psychology | It is the study of abnormal behavior. It is actually a branch of psychology that deals with the study of abnormal behavioral patterns and their causes. | Psychology of Addiction | A complete dependence on a certain substance or drug is known as addiction. Both physiological and psychological factors can lead to addiction. The psychology of addiction analyzes these factors and attempts to find ways of controlling addiction. The study ofRead MoreFields in Psychology1787 Words   |  8 Pages Fields in Psychology | Definition | Abnormal Psychology | It is the study of abnormal behavior. It is actually a branch of psychology that deals with the study of abnormal behavioral patterns and their causes. | Psychology of Addiction | A complete dependence on a certain substance or drug is known as addiction. Both physiological and psychological factors can lead to addiction. The psychology of addiction analyzes these factors and attempts to find ways of controlling addiction. The study ofRead MoreThe New Psychology Field Of Positive Psychology928 Words   |  4 PagesThe new Psychology field of Positive Psychology promotes a â€Å"flourishing† life dedicated to individuals looking to expand the pleasant, engagement and meaning in their life. Many Positive Psychologist use Gratitude Practice as a method of therapy to aid individuals with a wealth of positive constructs. Before looking into Gratitude Practice it is important to begin the research by taking a look at what Positive psychology is. Positive Psychology is a newer field in Psychology focused on the studyRead MoreThe Theories Of The Field Of Psychology Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe field of psychology has grown tr emendously over the years. Originally the field began with the Greek asking questions about how we know anything and how we can be sure that we know (Wertheimer, 2012, p.21). The philosophy’s that were created over time lead to the beginning of experimental psychology in 19th century Europe (Wertheimer, 2012, p.65). This was a time of little diversity as those who studied psychology tended to be white European men. This lack of diversity may have hindered the speedRead MoreThe Broad Field Of Psychology1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe broad field of psychology encompasses several different subsets in order to touch upon every aspect of the practice. A particularly interesting one would be cognitive psychology. This area of study focuses on several mental processes; mostly memory, perception and learning. Through the adaption of science and technology, cognitive psychology continues to grow as an important field in psychology. History of Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Psychology originally did not begin as that title. In theRead MoreThe Field Of School Psychology866 Words   |  4 PagesThe field of School Psychology started with the emergence of special education services in the early nineteen hundreds. Professionals were needed to assist with the selection and placement of children within such services. This led to the development of the profession of School Psychologists. However, it did not stop there it continued with Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon creating the â€Å"first practical intelligence test battery, which assessed higher level cognitive skills and produced substantialRead MoreThe Field Of Educational Psychology856 Words   |  4 PagesSnowman, Jack (1997) defined educational psychology as a branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning. The study of learning processes, from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives, allows researchers to understand individual differences in intelligence, c ognitive development, affect, motivation, self-regulation, and self-concept, as well as their role in learning. The field of educational psychology relies heavily on quantitative methods, including testing and measurement

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Food Microbiology Transportation and Storage Details

Question: Discuss about theFood Microbiologyfor Transportation and Storage Details. Answer: Introduction Mayonnaise being a combination of egg yolk, oil (s), lemon juice or vinegar along with herbs, spices and other combinations are prone to contamination. Otles Yalcin (2012) stated that egg-based products especially raw egg products like mayonnaise, egg butter, egg flip, tiramisu etc. are prone to contamination especially Salmonella. Further, Laca, Paredes Diaz (2012) indicated that edible oil products require special storage condition due to their sensitivity towards temperature, acid, contamination and other chemical reactions. Being a combination of oil and egg, mayonnaise require special storage and transportation conditions before testing process in laboratories, these transportation and storage details are described below: - Storage The main aim of storage is to prevent spoilage and cross-contamination where the conditions are maintained in a manner to avoid contamination and spoilage for a maximum duration of time. However, Laca, Paredes Diaz (2012) indicated that it is very critical to store food products and avoid contamination for a longer duration of time. Therefore, special storage conditions are critically essential for food products. The basic purposes of storage in laboratories are to avoid spoilage, provide quality and safety, cleanliness and long availability. Some of the personal hygiene guidelines are followed before initiating the storage and service of food products that are common for all food samples in laboratories. Therefore, for storing mayonnaise it is require using sterile gloves, avoiding unnecessary contact, washing hands properly before handling samples, and avoiding the risk of contamination due to unhygienic, sickness, diarrhoea and feverish condition of the person handling food product (Jay, 2012). For storage of mayonnaise before testing it is preferable to store mayonnaise in the container that will be used for transportation and testing. Therefore, the mayonnaise is stored in clean and sterile containers made up of glass that is having a bottom outlet or bottom dip to avoid air contact and contamination. The containers are filled completely with mayonnaise avoiding leftover headspace. Further, spoilage of food is a natural phenomenon where microorganisms use the food as nutrition source and lead to spoilage of food. The mayonnaise being the combination of egg and oil is more prone to spoilage because emulsion of oil is involved in production. Therefore, there is a critical requirement to provide refrigeration and freezing storage to mayonnaise having the temperature below 5ËÅ ¡C. The mayonnaise can be stored for 3-4 months at this temperature to avoid spoilage. The data labels are used to mark batches for ensuring that fresh batches are used for testing process and all the batches were stored segregated from each other. The premises of storage should be kept clean and ensure contamination free zone through sterilisation (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). The air saturation is another aspect or property of mayonnaise that is required to be maintained in the storage condition. Mayonnaise containing oil shows 60-65% air saturation level where the oil holds the capacity to absorb oxygen present in the air and get contaminated. Therefore, the storage samples of mayonnaise are required to be contamination free and for this purpose nitrogen sparging in considered best method in analytical laboratories. Otles Yalcin (2012) studied that nitrogen of 0.5 Nm3/t mayonnaises is sparged under pressure to absorb the extra air present in stored mayonnaise to avoid contamination due to Salmonella. The nitrogen of 99% purity should be used for this process and sparging is applied before complete storage of mayonnaise. After sparging it is required to maintain the storage temperature, pH and acidic conditions to avoid contamination. For proper acidification of raw-egg products like mayonnaise the fresh batches are prepared daily that are maintained with pH below 4.2, the temperature below 5ËÅ ¡C and discarded at day end storing them for no longer than 24 hours. However, under laboratory conditions, the mayonnaise can also be stored for the longer duration of time but it is suggested to prepare fresh batches daily to avoid contamination in the testing process. Lastly, the stored mayonnaise was maintained to avoid any contact with metals because mayonnaise has the capacity to show reaction and spoilage due to metal contact (Jay, 2012). Transportation Transportation is considered to be mobile storage where the risk of contamination and degradation is required to be avoided in laboratories. The basic criteria for transportation of mayonnaise involve moisture resistance, minimum air contact, avoiding light, maintaining temperature and pressure, avoiding agitation and contact with pro-oxidants. As mentioned above, transportation is mobile storage therefore, there are certain storage conditions like temperature, pH, heating and storing container that are required to be maintained while transporting mayonnaise. At the time of transportation, the mayonnaises are required to be kept in dark, dried and sterile containers. The containers should be UV sterile to avoid contamination and segregation of mayonnaise (Jay, 2012). The temperature should be maintained below 5ËÅ ¡C because mayonnaise is a raw egg product that requires temperature control once coming in contact with air at the time of storage, processing, receipt and display. Laca, Paredes Diaz (2012) indicated that refrigeration avoids contamination of oil-based products. Therefore, for the purpose of transportation, it is required to use mobile refrigerators for mayonnaise samples. For short distance transportation, it is recommended to use unheated and insulated containers to avoid indulgence of foreign particles. Otles Yalcin (2012) indicated that thermometers should be used to measure temperature while transporting the substances to provide accuracy. The containers should be completely filled with mayonnaise while transporting to avoid reaction with air. There should be minimum headspace and bottom filling with dip pipe or bottom outlet to avoid air contact. All possible steps are required to avoid metal contact while transporting mayonnaise, therefore, use of glass containers are recommended for the purpose of storing the sample in transportation. Further, the pH between 4.2-4.5 is required during transportation of mayonnaise to avoid contamination. Laca, Paredes Diaz (2012) studied that less acidified mayonnaise-having pH of 5.8 show more reaction with Salmonella enterica rather than mayonnaise of acidified condition showing stability for a short duration. Therefore, it is preferable to maintain the pH limits lower than 4.2 to transport and store mayonnaise (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). These were the details of transportation and storage conditions and processes that are maintained specifically for mayonnaise before initiating the testing processes in food microbiology. References Jay, J. M. (2012).Modern food microbiology. Springer Science Business Media. Laca, A., Paredes, B., Diaz, M. (2012). Lipidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ enriched egg yolk fraction as ingredient in cosmetic emulsions.Journal of Texture Studies,43(1), 12-28. Ortega-Rivas, E. (2012).Non-thermal food engineering operations. Springer Science Business Media. Otles, S., Yalcin, B. (2012). Review on the application of nanobiosensors in food analysis.Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria,11(1), 7-18.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Gullivers Travels (1508 words) Essay Example For Students

Gullivers Travels (1508 words) Essay Gullivers TravelsSwifts Gullivers Travels is without question the most famous literature toemerge from this 18th century Tory satiric tradition. It is the strongest,funniest, and yet in some ways most despairing cry for a halt to the trendsinitiated by seventeenth-century philosophy. In Book IV, we discover howGullivers journey into a discovery of what man is becomes a journey intomadness. We encounter, here, a cruel attack on man. This is an attack using twoof the most striking literary metaphors for man: the Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos. The first are beings in every way like horses except for their possession ofabsolute reason; the second are creatures bearing an uncanny resemblance to manexcept for their animalistic brutality. Swifts use of these creatures,Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos, as an approach to the problem of the nature of man,has attracted more critical attention than has any other part of his work. Now,the first important question to ask of any satirist is how he or she achievesthe necessary comic distortion, which transforms the familiar into theridiculous. And Swifts main technique for achieving thisand a wonderfultechnique for satireis the basic plot of science fiction: the voyage by anaverage civilized human being into unknown territory and his return back home. This apparently simple plot immediately opens all sorts of satiricpossibilities, because it enables the writer constantly to play off threedifferent perspectives in order to give us the reader a comic sense of what isvery familiar. It can do this in the following ways: If the strange new countryis recognizably similar to our culture, then comic distortions in the New Worldenable the writer to satirize the familiar in a host of different ways,providing, in effect, a cartoon style view of our world. If the strange newcountry is some sort of utopiaa perfectly realized vision of the ideals oftenproclaimed but generally violated in our worldthen the satirist can manipulatethe discrepancy between the ideal New World of the fiction and the corrupt worldwe live in to illustrate repeatedly just how empty the pretensions to goodnessreally are in our world. However, the key to this technique is generally the useof the traveler, the figure who is, in effect, the readers contemporary andfellow co untryman. How that figure reacts to the New World can be a constantsource of amusement and pointed satiric comment, because, in effect, this figurerepresents the contact between the normal world and the strange New World ofeither caricatured ridiculousness or utopian perfection. We can see Swift movingback and forth between the first two techniques, and this can create someconfusion. For example, in much of Book I, Lilliput is clearly a comicdistortion of life in Europe. The sections on the public rewards of leaping andcreeping or the endless disputes about whether one should eat ones eggs bybreaking them at the bigger or the smaller end or the absurdity of the royalproclamations are obvious and funny distortions of the court life, the pompouspretentiousness of officials, and the religious disputes familiar to Swiftsreaders. At the same time, however, there are passages where he holds up thelaws of Lilliput as some form of utopian ideal, in order to demonstrate just howmuch better t hey understand true reasonableness than do the Europeans. In bookII, he does the same: for most of the time the people of Brobdingnag are againcaricatured distorted Europeans, but clearly, the King of Brobdingnag is anideal figure. This shift in perspective on the New World is at times confusing. .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc , .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc .postImageUrl , .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc , .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc:hover , .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc:visited , .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc:active { border:0!important; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc:active , .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b771b04da15240655f34596d4e9fccc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Suicide EssaySwift is, in effect, manipulating the fictional world to suit his immediatesatirical purposes. It is easy enough to see what he is doing, but it does, insome sense, violate our built-up expectations. Just how are we supposed to takeLilliput and Brobdingnaas a distorted Europe or as a utopia or what? This lackof a consistent independent reality to the fictional world which he has createdis one of the main reasons why Gullivers Travels is not considered one of thefirst novels (since one of the requirements of a novel, it is maintained, is aconsistent attitude towards the fictional reality one has created: one cannotsimply manipulate it at will to prove a mo ral point). We can see Gulliver slowlybecoming accustomed to a new kind of life, the life of reason that he is forcedto imitate from the model supplied by the horses. We can begin to see thatGulliver is impressed by the orderly and rational conduct of life he sees in theHouyhnhnms but, while the Houyhnhnms may provide Gulliver with a model manner oflife, Swift is forcing the careful reader to judge whether the life of thehorses is indeed a proper model for the life of man. It may be true that a mancan subsist on a diet of oats and milk and even thrive on them; but, are oatsthe only alternative to asses flesh, the food of the Yahoos? In other words,Gullivers choice of diet is not really the point; rather, his choice of dietsignifies his choice of a manner of living. Houyhnhnm life is much simpler thanhuman life because these ideal horses are not possessed with the impulse towardsevil that is powerfully present in many. Mans life is a good deal moredifficult; he can be good, but with great effort, while the Houyhnhnms are goodwithout effort and are consequently not nearly so interesting as men are. Gullivers great mistake is his blindness to the poignant difficulty involvedin mans attempts to battle his basic instincts in order to lead the goodlife. Gulliver will be blinded by the glorious but inhuman example of theHouyhnhnms. In Book IV, Swift deals more consistently with this innuendo in theNew World by dividing it into two groups; the satirized Europeans, the Yahoos,and the ideally reasonable creatures, the horses. So, here there is less of asense of shifting purpose at work. That may help to account, in part, for thegreat power of the Fourth Voyage. For me Swifts language, though strong, isstill in control. The vision is harsh, the anger extreme, but thats a sign ofthe intense moral anger Swift feels at the transformation of life around him inways that are leading, he thinks, to moral disaster. The central Christian andSocratic emphasis on virtue is losing ground to something he sees as a facileillusionthat reason, wealth, money, and power could somehow do the job for us,wh ich had been traditionally placed upon our moral characters. In the New World,faith, hope, and charity, Swift sees, are going to be irrelevant, because therational organization of human experience and the application of the newreasoning to all aspects of human life is going to tempt human beings with arich lure: the promise of happiness. Under the banner of the new rationality,the traditional notions of virtue will become irrelevant, as human beingssubstitute for excellence of character the development of the individual humanlife according to some telos, some spiritual goalthe idea that properlyorganized practical rules, structures of authority, rational inquiry intoefficient causes, profitable commercial ventures, and laws will provide the sureguide, because, after all, human beings are rational creatures. In the firstthree books of the Travels, Swift has exposed satiric ridicule to theinstitutions, the customs, the beliefs, and the behavior of man. In Book IV,however, he turns his attention to human nature itself. He seeks to discoverwhat might be called a definition of man; a definition that will account for theapparent mess man has managed to make of his life and his world. Swift thereforeplaces Gulliver (an ordinary mortal) directly between the figures of impossibleperfection, the Houyhnhnms, and the figures of impossible degradation, theYahoos. Gulliver is shaken to the core of his being when he suddenly sees, inthe Yahoos, the terrible sight of man as animal. The Yahoos are images of whatman would become were he totally devoid of reason and completely removed fromcivilization: they are images of the animal potential in man. The fact is,however, that man is neither Yahoo nor Houyhnhnm; he is an imperfect creaturewho, nevertheless, has the power to live a decent life if only he will recognizehow limited he is. Swift presents us with figures like Count Munodi and CaptainMendez who are decent, compassionate, wise and humble men who have become awareof their capabilities only by recognizing their limitations. Without pride,these figures live the kind of good life attainable by humanity. Gulliver,however, goes mad when he realizes that man is incapable of absolute perfection. .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c , .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c .postImageUrl , .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c , .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c:hover , .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c:visited , .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c:active { border:0!important; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c:active , .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua32ab97fa4f6710e3f7904dd6b89bf2c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: anselm;s proslogion EssayUnable to come to terms with his limited capabilities, he thus commits the sinof pride as he is in the very process of condemning man for being proud. Ironically, Gullivers madnesshis own prideproves how imperfect acreature man is. The tragedy is that, in the name of perfection, Gulliver missesthe opportunity to achieve whatever goodness is in his power to attain. Book IVof Gullivers Travels is the most famous and most powerful protest againstthis modern project. The severity of his anger is, I think, a symptom of theextent to which he realized the battle was already being lost. To us, however,over two hundred years later, Swifts point is perhaps more vividly relevantthan many of his contemporaries.