Changes In History :: essays research papers

In the recorded procedure there have been numerous progressions for the headway of society. Greece, Europe, and Italy completely experienced radical changes. Their new styles and astounding advances drove them through the Classical and Renaissance periods. Greece was alluded to as Classical Greece during the time of Greek history between 500 B.C.E and 338 B.C.E. This was viewed as a period of splendid accomplishment. The Greek culture was unquestionably changed over this time. The History of the Persian Wars was a work that was viewed as the principal piece if genuine history in Western Civilization.       Numerous extraordinary history specialists came out of Greece during this timespan. Thucydides was one of these extraordinary history specialists. Perhaps the best accomplishment was the History of the Peloponnesian War. Another point to be made about Thucydides was his knowledge into the human condition. He expressed, "It will be sufficient for me, be that as it may, if the individuals who need to see plainly the occasions which occurred previously and which (human instinct being what it is) will, sooner or later, and in much similar ways, be rehashed later on. Different changes occurred in Greece during this time. The Greeks presented dramatization. The causes stay to be indistinct, yet students of history accept that it was created from strict customs. Disaster was proposed to teach people just as engage them. Greek catastrophes managed issues, for example, the nature of good and malevolence, the contention between otherworldly qualities, and the requests of the state or family, the nature of the awesome powers, and the idea of individuals. Human expressions were additionally experiencing changes during the Classical Greece time frame. The measures built up by the Greeks were overwhelmed all through the Western world. Traditional Greek workmanship typically depicted individuals as the subjects and spoke to them as objects of incredible magnificence. Greece was by all account not the only spot that experienced changes. Europe experienced a Renaissance period, or a resurrection of learning. Instruction was accommodated the pastorate and government authorities. The solid will for learning prompted a recovery among the individuals. Contrasted with Greece, Europe didn't experience the same number of changes; training and the recovery of old style examines were the most significant. There was an endeavor to absorb and safeguard Latin and early Christian culture. Priests were required to duplicate original copies. The act of scriptoria was presented during this time.

English I Staar Essay Samples

English I Staar Essay SamplesAs a practicing writer and native English speaker, I've learned that sometimes it can be difficult to find your staar essay samples. Many times I have sent out online students' requests for sample papers for students to help them determine which essay topics they'd be best suited for. Well, sometimes you have no choice but to get your essay samples from the internet. This is the case for a lot of students who are self-taught, although not everyone is self-taught.The first thing to keep in mind is that you're going to have to learn English grammar. This should go without saying, but many people just take the course as if it's an advanced class and fail to invest any time in learning the language. The English literature test is an advanced English course. If you're a very self-taught person, then you may need to go beyond just taking a reading and writing course.In addition to the vocabulary and grammar aspects of English, you need to learn sentence structu re. You will also need to understand that there are many possible ways of organizing sentences. There are hundreds of options for beginning English writers, but this doesn't mean that you should have no idea about the syntax of English.In fact, most students need some kind of guidance when it comes to researching for essay samples. If you've had a few English grammar lessons already, then that's a plus, because you'll find that most essay samples are pre-defined to use in grammar lessons.If you're self-taught, it's vital that you start with a regular curriculum and form an understanding of how staar works. The most important part of a writing course is that you learn how to create sentences that convey the correct meaning. Of course, you also need to know how to write concisely, avoid awkward turns and maintain flow. Staying on topic while allowing plenty of room for movement is key to making a good first impression.If you aren't self-taught, then it's very important that you learn more about English by doing research on the internet. It's easy to get overwhelmed and lose sight of what's important.With self-taught students, the best approach is to first find some good English textbooks and then read through them to figure out how to structure your own essay. Just remember that it is your job to bring the writer's style to the class, so don't assume that you can skip the essay section completely.

Cyber Criminals Are Dangers - 1175 Words

Cyber criminals are dangers 1 Now the real question, is cybercriminals are dangers to us? Some experts will say that it depends on the data that companies contain whether it attract the cybercriminal or not. Such as, â€Å"customer contact info, credit card data, health data, or valuable intellectual property.† (Armerding). On the other hand, some experts say it depends on the size of the company. Small to midsize organizations usually are attractive targets because they are frequently have less security and more vulnerability. When a cyber criminal is planning to attack he/she is not targeting a specific individual or organization. They do not care who they are attacking; they have programs that attack thousands and millions of people at once. However, you might ask yourself, we are not a small company, but it does not matter because an attack might not come directly at us. Small businesses are gateway into larger companies. â€Å"PwC’s Burg agrees, noting that, â€Å"smaller organizations inc reasingly serve as vendors, contractors, and business partners of bigger firms, and as such may have trusted access to the networks and data of these partners.† (Armerding). We work with varies of government and private companies, which either other companies might be under attack and the attacker gain access to our network from that network. From our networks, the attacker can move up to the government. The question I asked earlier is cybercriminals are dangers to us? Yes of course they are realShow MoreRelatedCyber Crimes And The Cyber Crime Epidemic1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe rise of the cyber-crime epidemic is a danger that can affect even the wariest of internet users. There is an abundance of ways that hackers and the hidden dangers of the internet can pose threats to internet users. Cyber scams, the deep and dark web, and counterfeiting are just some of the cyber-crimes that exist in our day-to-day world. The effects of cyber-crimes can range from computer viruses, t o monetary loss, and even identity theft. Above all, cyber-crimes can include internet users beingRead MoreShould Government Implement Laws For Cyber Crime?977 Words   |  4 PagesGovernment implement laws to prevent cyber crime† Today is the era of technology and globalisation, as it connects the whole world together but also opens new ways to crime. Cyber crime is the result of negative use of technology. Cyber crime refers to a crime which is committed through internet or computer. Cyber crime is of differenr types like stealing of money or information, piracy, electronic vendalism that is destroying or changing the electronic information. Cyber terrorism which threatens not onlyRead MoreCase Study : The Mask1217 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study: â€Å"The Mask† Stephen Doherty, a researcher and blogger for the Symantec Corporation, provides a case study that proves targeted attacks are growing and evolving. His case study entitled, â€Å"The Mask,† is a cyber-espionage group established in 2007 to hack, monitor and exfiltrate data from infected targets. Their method of breach uses intense spear phishing to lure the victims in using deceiving emails. In addition, The Mask coincidently enough specializes in tools that target Spanish speakersRead MoreThe Government s Methods Of Intervention891 Words   |  4 Pagessecurity on Federal networks† (Fact Sheet). By detecting common cyber dangers and obtain additional resources from the private sector assets can reduce the risk of threats against our country. President Obama and his Administration has addressed the major risk of cybersecurity facing our nation today. The government has executed an extensive variety of regulations to improve upon cybersecurity, residential and globally, to enhance cyber defense mechanisms and prevention measures. On February 13th,Read MoreTaking a Look at Identity Theft705 Words   |  3 Pageshave targeted consumer users, via online banking systems and different forms of social media to gather enough information on individual users to steal identities. These theft rings are rampant and widespread. Capturing and punishing these kind of criminals is time consuming and difficult at best. Unfortunately, even if you are not a frequent user of computers you are still vulnerable to having your identity stolen over the internet. Each of us has to equip ourselves to the best of our ability to preventRead MoreCyber Security Threats And Crimes1279 Words   |  6 Pages Cyber security threats/crimes Before people even knew you could do so much with computers and internet beside common work activity before it got popular and admired, criminals had to get a lot more personal when retrieving their personal information like dig through trash, steal or break into their mailboxes, are buy it from a somebody who sold other people identity was some of the way criminal got people personal information. Now many of people aroundRead MoreThe Problem Of Cyber Warfare1531 Words   |  7 Pagesadvancements were done with strong and positive intentions, new security dangers have arisen along with them. Though a large chunk of these dangers are studied and well known by some, little is being done to prevent these dangers and it needs to change. Starting off, one of the most critical issues the United States and the world have with combating cyberattacks is that there is no clear definition of what one actually is. Cyber warfare is currently defined as â€Å"internet-based conflict involving politicallyRead MoreThe Fbi Agents And The Criminal Law Of The United States1615 Words   |  7 Pageslaw enforcement and works to keep our country safe from dangers that we cannot deal with. The FBI agents have an impact on our nation because they defend us against counterfeiting, terrorist attacks and cyber-based attacks. The FBI is a treat-based and intelligence driven national security organization. There mission is to protect and defend the United States against terrorists and foreign intelligence threats, to help enforce the criminal law of the United States. FBI Agents also have the opportunityRead MoreCyber Crime Through Social Media1516 Words   |  7 Pagesrange of crime. More criminals are abusing the rate, accommodation and obscurity of the Internet to perpetrate a different scope of criminal exercises that know no borders, either physical or virtual, cause genuine damage and posture real dangers to victims around the world. Case details Case - Hosting Obscene Profiles Country - India State - Tamil nadu City - Chennai Section of laws - 67 of Information Technology Act 2000, 469, 509 of the Indian Panel code Business: Cyber Crime through socialRead MoreCyber Crime: Preventing the Horrific Crimes on the Inernet1649 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Crime: Preventing the Horrific Crimes on the Internet Cyber Crime, including fraud, identity theft, stalking, and hacking is a growing problem which can be prevented by taking the proper precautions. I. Background II. Cyber fraud A. Fraud sites 1. Free trials sites 2. Craigslist B. Preventing fraud 1. Personal information 2. Credit cards III. Identity theft A. Identity theft sites 1. Stealing information 2. Craigslist B. Preventing Identity theft 1. Who to give

International Business Environment - 6667 Words

Module specification INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Code: PGBM04 Credits: 15 Level: Masters FBL, Business School Board: Postgraduate Business Studies Learning Hours: 150 of which 30 CONTACT hours Rationale 1. The international business environment is multi-dimensional, including economic, political, socio-cultural and technological influences. While each can be viewed in specific national settings, increasingly they have become interrelated through processes of globalisation. In particular, the role of transnational corporations has been a key to the deepening interrelationships across national borders. Yet, globalisation has not led to convergence. Considerable diversity between nations and regions continues to shape the†¦show more content†¦Re-location of employment in globalised world. E.g. Call Centre customer convenience across time zones, or pressurised workforce? World Trade and the International Competitive Environment: Key trade theories, e.g. Comparative Advantage, Limitations of Vernon’s Model. First Mover Advantage, Porter’s Competitive Advantage. Role of WTO and its principles; related controversial issues. E.g. Prospects for closure of Doha round. Evolving regional groupings, EU, ASEAN, APEC The Technology Environment Introduction to importance of R D; use/role of Patents; technology transfer; impact of e-technologies Internet/e-commerce International Financial Environment Foreign exchange principles; impact of globalisation of financial markets. Comparison of ‘financial’ shocks Asian financial crisis 1997-8; the Credit Crunch 2008–2010; ‘sub-prime’ market to Lehman Bros. AIG. Partial re-nationalisation of Commercial Banks, trading internationally from US GB. TEACHING LEARNING METHODS Teaching learning will take place through a series of core lectures and programmed learning activities undertaken in seminar workshops. Students will have a learning opportunity to participate as team members by presenting findings from case studies through short presentations with interactive questions and answers and class discussion to broaden the teaching and learning experience. This will provide formativeShow MoreRelatedInternational Business Environment And Marketing Management1853 Words   |  8 PagesI chose international business environment as my topic of interest The reason why I chose this topic because I would like to become an international business manager in the future, so as a result of that I have to know a lot about the international business environment and that will help to develop my career in international of business management and yes international business environment is related to my area of study or professional field of study, as a student of business administration andRead MoreInternal And External Factors Affecting International Business Environment And The Trade Barriers Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesof interaction between them and international business is considered as one of the mechanisms used in trade globalization. A lot of challenges and opportunities for international business arises and need to be studied in addition to strategies used to seize these opportunities and to overcome the potential barriers. 1.2 Research objective The objective of this research is to study all the internal and external factors affecting the international business environment and the trade barriers that constrainRead MoreThe International Business Environment4269 Words   |  17 PagesTable of Contents Introduction International business Environment Theories Guiding Decisions of Firms Transaction Cost Theory International Product Life Cycle Theory Foreign Direct Investment Theory Of Internalization Competitive Advantage Theory SWOT Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Conclusion THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Introduction International business International business involves business activities that crosses borders ADDIN ENRead MoreInternational Business Environment3863 Words   |  16 Pages[Date] [Date] INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Globalization refers to the widely flow of production factors within the entire globe in order to understand the optimum resource allocation. Different authors provide different definitions of globalisation with their profound research. According to international monetary fund, globalization increases the rapid and extensive transmission of technology along with international commodity, transactionsRead MoreInternational Business Environment4226 Words   |  17 PagesINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Question 4: Compare and contrast the activities of two companies of your choice in the same industrial sector in developing new technology to try to maintain competitive advantage. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 4 (i)PRINCIPAL STAGES OF TECH DEVELOPMENT 4 (ii)BASIC INDEXES OF TECHNOLOGY 4 ROLE OF Ramp;D 5 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION 7 ANALYSIS 10 Read MoreThe Impact Of International Business On Business Environment Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesIf the firms, which enter the international market, are ineffective at risk management, this is a risk in itself for Governments, as it can lead to economic inconsistencies. International business differs from domestic business for a variety of reasons, including as culture, labour and environmental standards, foreign exchange and political, economic and legal systems. The main reason for why there is such a significant difference between the two types of business is due to the increased risk associatedRead MoreCultural Environment Of International Business Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural Environment of International Business Vanda Mallo Keiser University â€Æ' Abstract Understanding the management role relative to cultural influences is critical for today’s managers who want to interact proficiently across borders. One important concept which provides insight into the idea of intercultural aptitude is the notion of â€Å"mindfulness† or the ability to interact with others from different cultures. Managers must become more culturally sensitive since diversity in the workplaceRead MoreInfluential Factors of International Business and International Business Environment4145 Words   |  17 PagesA Business Growth and Strategy Project On INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT By: Ankit D Jethani 6937 Business Environment consist of every factors influential to the business operations. These factors are classified into two broad categories. These are: a) External or UncontrollableRead MoreThe Aspect of International Business Environment2799 Words   |  11 PagesTHE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Introduction Dramatic world trends in the last two decades rapidly entail international business. Markets for goods and services are now global especially so for financial instruments of all kinds ADDIN EN.CITE Daniels2007150(Daniels et al., 2007)1501506 Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., Sullivan, D.International Business: environment and operations, 11th edition2007Upper Saddle River( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_2 o Daniels, 2007 #150 Daniels et al., 2007). This paperRead MoreThe International / Global Business Environment Essay3139 Words   |  13 Pages THE INTERNATIONAL/GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Jessica Beer â€Å"Whatever your level of involvement, it is important to understand the global business environment and its influence on the manager s role. This complex role demands a contingency approach to dynamic environments, each of which has its own unique requirements.† (Deresky, 2010). Within the overall global environment, there are three subsections that global managers must understand comprehensively before they can expect to have success

Competitive Advantages of Coca Cola for Mexico - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Advantages of Coca Cola for Mexico. Answer: The discussion aims to analyze the competitive advantages possessed by The Coca cola Company in comparison to its other competitors in the global market. The discussion describes the companys strategy and methods to secure its top position. It also provides some recommendations that the company needs to follow. The Coca-Cola Company is the highest producer, supplier and wholesaler of carbonated beverage in the world that is Coca-Cola. This company is best known for its soft drink coca cola. It owns top four soft drink brands namely Coca-Cola, Sprite, Diet Coke, and Fanta (Coca-Cola Global, 2017). The company also sells Barq's, Dr Pepper, Minute Maid, Crush, and many other products. The coca cola company has a tough competitor in market, which is PepsiCo. A strong growth of the company can be seen over the past five years. It seems that it has grown faster than the entire global industry. The strength of its brand, continuous investment and successful strategy has helped the company to achieve the success. The Coca Cola Company is also benefitted from its highest position in the international market. On the other hand, PepsiCo its rival, only has sufficient brand recognition to challenge TCCC. The Coca Cola Company has always been benefitted with its history, which has contributed to acquire it present position. Competitive advantages of the Coca Cola Company Coke FEMSA has been the largest bottle producer in America with total sales volume in 2006 and the second largest bottler in the world. FEMSA of Coca cola offers the best management training to their stuffs in order to uplift the abilities and exchange experiences. Coca-Cola FEMSA had collaborated with Coke and decided to work and cultivate advanced trade models. This has maximized their sales revenue (Peng, 2016). It has taken over Jugos del Valle it is the biggest juice producing company of Mexico and Brazil. This step has been taken to increase the brands presence in Latin America. Coca-Cola FEMSA maintains brilliant relationships with its consumers. The company focuses in customizing its entire portfolio of packages as well as beverages according to the needs of its customers. The company has a great portfolio of beverages to offer to the consumers. Not only that, the company keeps on including new promising categories of products in order to capture bigger market share. To make stronger bonds with its consumers and satisfy their requirements, Coke has decided to open one-stop shops in all over the world by offering complete categories of beverages like packaged water, sparkling drinks and juices. Coke's team members are dedicated and always remain involved in processes related to the production as well as the organization (Wagner III Hollenbeck, 2014). These team members are prompt to handle any kind of socio political competitive and economic changes in the organizational environments. The company always tries to encourage inventive business solutions in order to increase its productive and distributive capacity to heighten operation efficiency. The Coca cola Company with its strong structure takes care of all challenges in the industry. The challenges can be cost cuttings across the industry or surplus maximization with strong promotions (Arcese, et al., 2015). International business in bottled water and soft drinks is low because these are of low value comparing to the products of the Coca Cola company. The company analyses the international as well as domestic markets and produce the beverages according to the market needs. Capabilities and Resources Tangible It contains financial and physical resources. In 2015, Coca-Cola has earned profit of 344 million. The market value is estimated at $ 45.41 billion. The company has the well built and defendable financial resources, which is invested in major markets Investment money is utilized in building the brand, infrastructure and expanding distribution network. Intangible Status of Coca-Cola and technological resources are considered to be its intangible resources. It invests to modern machinery as technological resource. The production procedure of Coca-Cola is wholly automated. The machines increase the production procedure, stabilize the quality and secure workplace environment. The cmpany keeps its network of hybrid engine truck expanded to save fuel costs and reduce pollution. Human resources Coca colas success depends largely on the employee motivation. Coca-Cola organizes the test to know the engagement level and employee satisfaction. They build an ideal place of work where people enjoy gym, coke, with flexible working hours. The training and development activities are also focused. The employees are kept motivated with attractive salary. A large number of employees are outsourced from different countries. Therefore, the human resources managers are recruited from around the world. Coca-Cola organizes international training courses to identify talented managers for senior positions and build an international management team. Capabilities of Coca-Cola The discussion mentions the strong financial resources, which help Coca-Cola to develop the large-scale market worldwide. They are used in building infrastructure, training and distribution network development. This enables them to bear the long-term losses into the potential market investment. The financial resources are used in implementing different advertising strategies by advertisements on newspapers, TV, posters and magazines. Coca-Cola knows the method to reach the customers by shortening the space between consumers and the products. Coca-Cola possesses a unique organizational potential. They operate more than 700 thousand associates and offer more than 500 soft drink brands in more than two hundred countries in the world. The products can be found almost in all food joints, school, cinemas and vending machines on the road. Brand reputation of Coca-Cola has been established after more than a century. Coca-Cola has a lot of loyal consumers from them the company earns stable profits for development. Coca Colas brand name recognition is higher than its other competitors are. Coca-Cola has built a positive working ambience so that the employees can share new ideas and their sincere comments. This led the company to find new business ideas on one hand talent on the other. The employee's freehearted comments also help Coca-Cola to solve many problems. Therefore, it can be said that Coca-Cola has more creative a nd can solve problems early. Coca-Cola successfully applies the traits of talent localization. The company recruits a large number of local stuffs whenever they invade a new market. This helps in increasing the better understanding of the new markets and penetration gets faster. Recommendations The company should reduce its dependence on carbonated beverage, which is their chief production. The company should bring more diversity in its product portfolio. It needs to focus into its noncarbonated sector to remain competitive in the global market. In developed countries, the people have started to prefer health drinks to beverages. The company needs to produce a healthy alternative. Therefore, from the above analysis it can be deducted that all the above factors have contributed to the company to secure the top position in beverage industry. In spite of these beneficial factors, The Coca cola Company has some weaknesses, which need to overcome. References: Arcese, G., Flammini, S., Lucchetti, M. C., Martucci, O. (2015). Evidence and experience of open sustainability innovation practices in the food sector.Sustainability,7(7), 8067-8090. Coca-Cola Global. (2017).Coca-cola.com. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://www.coca-cola.com/ Peng, M. W. (2016).Global business. Cengage learning. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

Invasion Of Privacy Computer Virus Internet Essays - Hacker

Invasion Of Privacy Computer Virus Internet The information age is the age we live in today, and with the information age comes an age of ethics. When we deal with the new technologies introduced every day, we need to decide what we must consider ethical and unethical. We must consider all factors so that the use of the information readily available to many persons is not abused. Information technology will be the most fundamental area of ethical concern for business in the next decade. (Ermann) The most widely used tool of the information age is the computer, whether it is a PC or a network of computer systems. As we enter the information age, the newness and power of information technology's tests the ethics of the average person, not just the criminal and cause thousands of computer crimes to be committed daily. Problems associated with the information age Invasion of privacy Computer virus Internet scamming Junk E-mails Minors viewing pornography Fraud Accounts Illegal Downloading Hacking Cyber chat The most common computer crime committed daily, some aware and many not, is the illegal sharing of computer software. Software is any of the programs used in operating a digital computer, as input and output programs, as defined by Funk and Wagnalls Standard Desk Dictionary. When we purchase computer software, we purchase it with the understanding that it will be for use on a single computer, once installed on that system, it is not to be loaded on any other computer. However many people are not aware of this understanding, and many load a program on a couple of computers or on a whole network of computer systems not aware that they are committing a crime. Even though you probably will not be prosecuted for loading a program on a friends computer, this is where your ethics come in. Do you consider anything when you share a program with others? If not then consider the programmers of the software who are denied compensation for their developments every time you distribute a piece of software. Why is it that people who wouldn't think of stealing pack of gum will copy a $500 piece of software. (Parker) A popular form off illegal software distribution is throughout the online world. Whether it be the Internet, America Online, CompuServe, Prodigy, or a BBS (Bulletin Board System), software pirates thrive freely online. These so called pirates operate by uploading pieces of software, commonly referred to as warez, into an online service's database then sending through e-mail the rights to download them. The Information Superhighway has opened the door to a new kind of highway robbery - the home shoplifting network . When you access a online service, you are identified through an account which most commonly consists of a user ID and password. The password is so you only can access the online service with your user ID. Many people online use their own accounts to access their service, but many steal and use the accounts of others or make fake accounts. When online, these account pirates many times trick other users into giving their passwords to them by impersonating an employee of the online service. Others can hack into the online services mainframe computer and steal thousands of accounts. (Biemiller) Probably the most common method of getting online without paying is the use of fake or fraudulent accounts. These are made by giving false information when attempting to gain access to an online service. Name, address, phone number, and billing information, such as checking account or credit card number, are all falsified in obtaining an online account. With these stolen and fake accounts, software pirates have virtually unlimited time to download their warez without any charge to them. Many people don't consider the people behind the creation of software when they illegally distribute it. (Rochlin) The developers of software are not properly compensated for their work because of the extent of software piracy. No one can argue with a software company's desire, and right, to make sure everyone using their products has paid for it. The numbers add up, it is estimated that in 1994 alone that software companies lost $15 billion from illegal software copying. It is not only illegal, but clearly unethical to distribute software knowing that the people behind the software are experiencing the downfalls of it. Every time software companies cannot compensate their programmers for their work, more people are out of a job. Consider this, you enter a store and purchase an item, during this transaction you give your

How to Ask Your Professor to Change Your Grade

How to Ask Your Professor to Change Your Grade At the end of every semester, professor’s inboxes are inundated with a barrage of emails from desperate students seeking a grade change. These last minute requests are often met with frustration and disdain. Some professors even go so far as to set their inbox to auto-respond and not check back until weeks after the semester ends. If you are considering asking your professor for a grade change, consider your actions cautiously and prepare yourself before making the request. Here’s your best chance: Step 1: Do everything in your power not to find yourself in this situation. A lot of requests come from students who have borderline grades. Just a point or two more, and their GPA would improve. However, being on the border isn’t usually an acceptable reason to ask for a grade change. If your grade is 89.22%, dont ask the professor to consider a bump to 90% in order to keep your GPA up. If you think you might be on the borderline, work as hard as you can before the end of the semester and discuss extra credit possibilities ahead of time. Don’t count on being â€Å"rounded up† as a courtesy. Step 2: Act before your professor submits his grades to the university. Instructors will be much more likely to change grades before they submit them to the university. If you were missing points or feel you should have been given more participation credit, talk to your professor before grades are due. If you wait until after submission, your professor will likely have to jump through a lot of hoops to meet your request. In some universities, grade changes are simply not permitted without a significant written explanation of the instructor’s error written by the instructor. Keep in mind that instructors are usually required to submit the grades to the university several days before they are posted for students to view. So, talk to your professor as soon as possible. Step 3: Decide if you really have a case. Review the syllabus and make sure your argument matches up with the instructor’s expectations. A reasonable grade change request might be based on objective issues such as: The instructor failing to count points you earnedA miscalculation on a particular examA problem with the online course’s learning management system that resulted in a point deduction A request might also be made based on subjective issues such as: You feel you should have been given more participation pointsYou believe your role in the group project was not adequately understood or appreciated Step 4: Collect evidence. If you’re going to make a claim, collect evidence to support your cause. Collect old papers, try to make a list of times you’ve participated, etc. Step 5: Discuss your case with the professor in a professional manner. Whatever you do, don’t be overly glib or angry with your professor. State your claim in a calm and professional manner. Explain, briefly, the evidence that backs up your claim. And, offer to show the evidence or discuss the issue in more detail if the professor would find that helpful. Step 6: If all else fails, appeal to the department. If your professor will not change your grade and you feel you have a very good case, you may be able to appeal to the department. Try calling the department offices and asking about the policy on grade appeals. Keep in mind that complaining about the professor’s decision may be viewed poorly by other professors and may have negative consequences – particularly if you are in a small, insular department. However, if you stay calm and state your case confidently, you will have a better chance of keeping their respect and getting your grade changed.